Bihar becomes a quagmire of political possibilities



VIEWPOINT
AMITABH SHUKLA


Mahatma Gandhi started his experiments of mass mobilisation from Champaran, 96 years ago in 1917. As Champaran and Bihar prepare to celebrate the centenary of the mass movement against the British Indigo planters and the setting up of the Bhitiharwa Ashram in the district, Congress sits on the sidelines wondering what to do to regain its lost base in the State.

It has been almost a quarter of century when Congress lost its dominant political space to resurgent OBC politics of the State. A visit to the district Congress office in the heart of the small town of Bettiah, the headquarters of West Champaran district, illustrates the position of Congress in the region and the State.

The district headquarters of the 127-year-old party hardly hosted any function or had any visitors for the last several years. The wooden doors and even its frames have been removed from most of the rooms over a period of time by the miscreants and the dilapidated building in a sprawling complex could fall anytime. There is no chair or table anywhere and no one visits the place. Even the children of the nearby areas do not play in the compound which has no boundary wall, fearing that this could be a haunted place. Stray buffaloes and pigs make merry in the pools of water in the monsoons.

A day before Independence Day this year, the sprawling 2-acre complex in the heart of the town, was inundated in knee-deep water till someone realised late in the afternoon that the national flag had to be unfurled the next day. A cut was hurriedly made to ensure that the rain water collected in the complex could be drained out. On Independence Day, merely three people turned out for the flag hoisting ceremony and the senior most amongst them, an 81-year old, was given the honour of unfurling the Tricolor. After doing the honours, the senior citizens simply walked to their houses in the vicinity. They were doing the ritual for the last few years only out of habit and the sentiments attached to Independence Day. They swore by the name of Mahatma Gandhi but none of them believed in policies and programmes of the Congress of this century under Sonia Gandhi, Rahul Gandhi and Manmohan Singh.

The state of the Congress office in the district, often called the Karma Bhoomi of Mahatma Gandhi, a Congress bastion for decades, reflects the position of the party in the rest of Bihar. Not surprisingly, Congress last won a Lok Sabha election in West Champaran parliamentary constituency (earlier Bettiah) almost 30 years ago in 1984 when a sympathy wave after assassination of Indira Gandhi saw it through. Ask the local residents here and they will tell you that this parliamentary constituency would not send a Congress nominee to Parliament for the next two decades unless a miracle happened.

Not only West Champaran constituency but in entire Bihar, a realignment of political forces and castes is taking place after the 17-year-old alliance between JDU and BJP ended on a bitter note. In this quagmire of alignments and emerging caste equations, no one for sure knows how the three main parties-JDU, BJP and Lalu Prasad’s RJD would fare in the Lok Sabha elections in the State. Congress has been practically written off unless it manages an alliance with JDU. Even Lok Sabha Speaker Meira Kumar will have a tough time in Sasaram if she contests as people of the State and her constituency saw her only on TV news channels not in the State and amongst the people who elected her.

Of the 40 members it sends to Lok Sabha, JDU got 20, BJP 12, RJD 4, Congress 2 and Independents 2 in the 2009 polls. As the caste equations assiduously built over the last almost two decades by JDU-BJP has gone topsy-turvy, even the seasoned political analysts in Bihar would find it difficult to predict the pre 2014 voter mood. BJP could gain in the State but Lalu Prasad’s RJD too is expected to do better than last time. The caste combinations of all the parties have crumbled and there is little time now to consolidate and cultivate new vote banks.

The Muslims in the State are divided between JDU and RJD and even though JDU would get a chunk of their votes as Nitish Kumar withdrew from the NDA on the issue of Narendra Modi, RJD is not a pushover. It has started a campaign saying how Kumar will join NDA after the polls and how he was with the BJP all these years. This has confused the Muslims who will go for strategic voting, looking for a candidate of either the JDU or RJD who is in a better position to defeat BJP in each of the 40 seats.

This polarisation and strategic voting by Muslims would help BJP in several segments and give it an opportunity to consolidate its upper caste vote bank and also get the votes of urban OBCs and even upwardly mobile dalits. But the gains are not significant as it has lost significant sections of the poorer OBCs or what is called the non-creamy layer due to its alliance with JDU. While the Yadav community nurses the ambition of getting Lalu Prasad a dominant political space and the Kurmi community to Nitish Kumar, it is the other intermediary castes which are being targeted by all the parties to get a lion’s share of votes.

Both JDU and BJP will have to select 40 candidates each and that is not an easy task as last time they fought on 25 and 15 seats, respectively. Political turncoats are sensing an opportunity here and they can switch seamlessly from one party to the other.

Sadhu Yadav, brother in-law of Lalu Prasad, has met Gujarat Chief Minister Narendra Modi indicating that no one is untouchable. He fought on a Congress ticket from West Champaran last time and could well be a BJP candidate anywhere in the State in 2014. JDU has realised that there could be desertions in a closely fought contest and has taken back the suspension of its MPs. BJP is closely watching the situation and doing its homework to select 25 winning candidates. As 2014 could perhaps be the last time before the political obituary of RJD is written, the party is motivated and already campaigning.


The churning of caste and community equations is still taking place in Bihar even though polls are not far off. The macro issues of performance of UPA and development would be the core issues along with the micro issues of caste equations and consolidation of newer vote banks. At this juncture, Bihar is headed for a three-way contest but the most bitter fight will be between the old allies-JDU and BJP. (August 19, 2013) 

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