Third (Federal) Fronts have failed time and again




VIEWPOINT
AMITABH SHUKLA


With general elections less than a year away, a flurry of political activity — Narendra Modi getting into the centrestage of national politics, LK Advani refusing to retire and throwing his towel in the ring, the dead as a dodo Federal or Third Front saying it is alive and kicking and the JD(U) divorcing its 17-year-old partner — gripped the people.

Reams have been written about the Gujarat Chief Minister getting a national role in BJP after becoming chairman of the Campaign Committee. No one will bother to find out who was the chairman of this Campaign Committee before Modi. That is irrelevant. The symbolism of the appointment was there before everybody not only in the BJP but also other parties as well. It was obviously a major step which would catapult Modi as the prime ministerial candidate of the party in the battle ahead. A sulking Advani refused to go to Goa where the announcement was made, kept blogging, resigned from party posts and finally the big brother RSS came into the picture to assuage the hurt sentiments of the perennial rath yatri.

All this was perhaps on expected lines and so was the decision of the JD(U) to part ways with BJP. The BJP could not have gone into the polls with the same old tired faces whom the electorate rejected twice in 2004 and 2009. Remember Advani was the prime ministerial candidate of the party in 2009 and it got lesser seats than it got in 2004. It simply could not afford a third straight loss. No political party can.

BJP had to do something new, something big, come out with a fresh idea and approach to reinvigorate its cadres and motivate them for victory which has been eluding the party for the last two elections. The Modi phenomenon may work or may not work. But at least, an attempt has been made to provide a fresh alternative and approach. You simply cannot go into the next World Cup of cricket with Sachin Tendulkar and Sunil Gavaskar as the fulcrum of Indian batting. Perhaps the entire BJP realized this except Advani. As the political saga in the BJP unfolds in the next few months, you can expect more from Advani to remain in the limelight within and outside the party. He is not going to give it away easily and fade into oblivion.

But I fail to understand what the JD(U) and its earlier avatar Samta Party thought all this while. Perhaps it thought that Advani was more “secular” as compared to Modi in the last 17 years of the alliance. Perhaps it thought that Ram Mandir agitation and the accompanying riots were secular acts and the riots in Gujarat post the Godhra incidents were communal. The Nitish Kumar led party also perhaps thought that the Ram Mandir agitation, the chief architect of which was Advani was too old and out of the memory and radar of the people whom it is trying to nurture as a vote bank.

As JD(U) built its base in Bihar on the edifice of shabby governance by the Lalu Yadav led RJD in the years following the demolition of the Babri Masjid and the arrest of Advani by the then Bihar government headed by Lalu Yadav, it never thought that there was anything wrong, that it was aligning with the “communal” Advani and his party. All of a sudden it sees virtues in the grand old leader and finds him secular while dubbing Modi as communal with the same brush. People of the state and the voters would not buy that theory. As the entire political drama in Bihar has been scripted with an eye on the 17 per cent or so Muslim votes, the experiment is bound to fail. The party would perhaps realise this in the elections.

Bereft of a solid upper caste support base, there is no dominant caste now in the new electoral arithmetic of Bihar which the JD(U) faces, the party seems to be headed in the Congress fold like the Samajwadi Party and Bahujan Samaj Party in UP. The Kurmi caste, from which Nitish Kumar hails, is hardly dominant in any part of the state except in some southern areas.  The Extremely Backward Castes and the Mahadalits, assiduously built as vote bank by Kumar, too remain marginal all over the state and sparsely distributed in every constituency to make any electoral impact. In addition, the Muslims are being wooed by not only the JD(U) but also RJD and the Congress, making the division of votes imminent. The JD(U) may survive in the remaining term of its government even without BJP but the future and also a national role seems too distant now. The defeat of the JD(U) in Maharajganj Lok Sabha by-poll is an indicator of the things to come. 

Perhaps the JD(U) sees hope in the fledgling Federal Front which has been there in its various avatars over the years ever since the failed 1977 Janata Party experiment following emergency. Old timers still remember the daily dose of political drama and instability which led to the collapse of the government in three years.

It was followed by more drama with the Third Front and United Front leaders getting a chance in the sun with prime ministers like VP Singh, Chandra Shekhar HD Deve Gowda and Inder Kumar Gujaral coming and going on the musical chair. All of them had short tenures, there is nothing about them to remember and it was crass political opportunism which saw them in chair in the first place. Ironically, the so called Federal Front leaders have not learnt by experience even when none of the experiments succeeded without the support of the main parties. While V P Singh was propped up by the Left and the Right-Communist parties and the BJP, all others like Chandra Shekhar, Gujaral and Deve Gowda were propped up by the Congress and dumped at the first given opportunity. Before them, there was Jat leader Charan Singh who fulfilled his prime ministerial ambitions after being propped up by the Congress in 1979 and never faced Parliament before being dumped unceremoniously. 

In this era, it would be difficult to imagine a conglomeration of political forces  as diverse as Mamata Banerjee’s Trinamool Congress, Naveen Pattnaik’s Biju Janata Dal, Chandra Babu Naidu’s TDP, Jayalalitha’s AIADMK, Nitish Kumar’s JD(U) or Mulayam Singh Yadav’s Samajwadi Party coming together just for the sake of power without any common minimum programme and understanding. This is simply not tenable. The egos of these regional chieftains are huge and nothing in this world is going to ensure that it falls in place. All of them have prime ministerial ambitions and the country can ill afford to have so many prime ministers in waiting. The country also cannot afford a political non-entity on the chair with the decisions being taken by a syndicate comprising so many leaders of varying temperaments, ideology, beliefs and ambitions. 

Indian polity is gradually becoming bipolar with Congress and the BJP as the two poles at the national level. But obviously, in the next elections, the regional players would play a major role. But the election cannot be seen as a contest of regional conglomerations.  People have to be presented an alternative with alliances in place before the polls. If the dozen odd leaders of the so called Third or the Federal Front think that they will first win the polls in the state and then strike a deal at a later stage, this is not going to work. (June 17, 2013)

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